The increase can be plotted as a logarithmic or exponential curve in many cases. ©2000-2021 ITHAKA. The average cereal yield has increased by 175 percent since 1961. Although there are a few exceptions–notably across Sub-Saharan Africa, the continued increase in cereal yields across the world has been the major driver of total cereal production. metre is factored by 85 percent to give a yield estimate of 25.5 bu. Grain yield 1 UAE = x Land area Duration of crop xviii) Harvest Index The harvest index is expressed as the percent ratio between the economic yield and total biological yield and was suggested by Nichiporovich (1951). This item is part of JSTOR collection C. Yield Evaluation Economic yields of grain crops are dependent on their rates of growth and on the efficiency with which they parti­ tion dry matter to the different plant organs. The idea for this chart is taken from Ausubel, Wernick, and Waggoner (2013).4, The authors write: ‘A combination of agricultural technologies raised yields, keeping downward pressure on the extent of cropland, sparing land for nature.Countering the global rise of population and affluence by parents and workers, consumers and farmers restrained the expansion of arable land by changing tastes and lifting yields. 7.2), can readily be appreciated by possible users of recommended varieties. The crop biological yield refers to the total dry matter accumulation of a plant system. Online here.The original sources given by my source are Evenson and Gollin 2003 and FAO 2006a. Modelling yield within the context of a cropping system 22 4. In this formula, the demo site with 30 plants per sq. Some countries, including Ethiopia, Nigeria and Algeria have followed the rest of the world in yield increases. This process of cross-breeding between open-pollinated varieties, combined with improved breed selection practices is thought to define the key turning point in US corn yields.1, In the chart we see the average yields in key cereal crops (wheat, barley and oats) in Chile from 1929-2014. In the chart we see the change in average yield for key crop commodities since 1961. Increasing yields reduces the pressure of expanding agricultural land. 1 mole of salicylic acid gives 1 mole of aspirin. The foregoing explanation presents the usual crop-yield index as a ratio of acreage aggregates, but it may also be looked upon as a Economic yield HI = x 100 Total biological yield DOI: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00561.x. However, a failure to increase agricultural productivity in many Sub-Saharan countries has led to large increases in land used for cereal production. Ciencia e investigación agraria. In the period since 1940, yields have increased more than five-fold. In these trends we see large regional differences in this yield-land use trade-off. Modelled yield 18 3.3.1. Grain yield is dependent, therefore, upon several aspects of the develop­ mental morphology of the plant. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. In the first chart, we have plotted cereal crops (wheat, barley and oats). The noticeable shrinkage in the extent of cropland as a function of the Crop Production index since 1990 provides encouragement that farmers will continue sparing land.’. Crop load adjustment: Practices that either enhance the yield per vine (such as increased water or nitrogen application from bloom to véraison) or decrease the yield per vine (such as reduction in water after fruit set, or actively removing fruit prior to harvest). Have we achieved this through land expansion or improved yields? Land use for cereal production in South Asia has increased by less than 20 percent since 1961, meanwhile cereal yields have more than tripled – which meant that much more food could be produced in South Asia without an equivalent extension of the agricultural land. This has inevitably allowed us to ‘spare’ land we would have otherwise had to convert for cereal production. This trade-off between land use for agriculture and yields is very clearly exemplified in a comparison between cereal production in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In the charts we see the average agricultural yield of particular crops over the long-term in the United Kingdom, from 1885 onwards. Rearrange the above formula to obtain theoretical yield formula . Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). Expansion of cereal production has followed very different paths in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. For many, changes in the arable land have been minimal (or have declined). Productivity gains between the 1950s and 1990s was rapid, growing 2-3 fold over this period. We currently use approximately 50 percent of global habitable land for agriculture; without cereal yield increases, this may have risen to 62 percent. Most European, American (both North and Latin American), Asian and Pacific countries have seen a much larger increase in cereal yields relative to area used for production. Vol.40 no.1 Santiago Apr. • Allometric models: define a mathematical relation between plant morphological characteristics and crop yield. All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Data from 1961 onwards is taken from FAOstat; database online here. The maximum calculated yield is 1.4 g. What is the percentage yield of this reaction? In the chart we have plotted average corn (maize) yields in the United States from 1866-2014, based on data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and UN FAO. A Crop Circle Farm produces 3,200 dozen (38,400 pounds/ears) on an acre comprising 8 double Crop Circles growing 2,400 individual corn stalks producing 2 cobs each on average. Online here. Crops in this area are almost 100 percent rain fed (Stutley, 2008). Since 1960, yields in sugar beet have more than doubled, rising from 30 tonnes to more than than 80 tonnes per hectare. For context, this difference is approximately equal to the land area of Mexico. The absolute growth rate is the slope of the curve. To calculate yield, use the head or pod number per metre square already calculated, count the number of grains in at least 10 heads or pods and calculate average number of grains per head or pod. However, a key driver in the initial rise in yield is considered to be the adoption of improved corn varieties from plant breeding developments. Approach 1: high-yielding fields, experimental stations and 23 growers contests 4.1.1. A bit of both. Percentage yield = $\frac{Actual\; yield}{Theoretical\; yield}$$\times 100%. values in 1961 are equal to 1.0. Determine the theoretical yield of the formation of geranyl formate from 375 g of geraniol. Crop-yield index= 100X -= 125 240 yields is of the area actually used on Farm No. defined as the relative area required by sole crops to produce the same yield as intercrops (Mead and Willey, 1980). Solution: Substitute the values in the corresponding formula. We see UK yields in sugar beet and potatoes tend to have much higher yields than cereal crops by mass (although they are likely to have a much higher percentage of water weight). It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. This is taken from World Bank (2008) – World Development Report (2008): Agriculture for Development. Percentage yield= (Actual yield/theoretical yield )x100. This is an important contrast to Africa where results are more mixed. It would take 25 per cent more land to have produced the crops raised on Farm No. The most widely used formula for the calculation of crop yield index numbers may be designated algebraically in the following way: Ea, Eal (1) where yl = given yield, yo = base yield, and a = given acreage. With increasing demands for food and agricultural products, intensification of smallholder production system becomes increasingly necessary. It currently publishes more than 6,000 new publications a year, has offices in around fifty countries, and employs more than 5,500 people worldwide. Since the turn of the millennium however, cereal yields in the UK have been relatively stagnant. There are likely to be certain regional and seasonal differences in yield within a given country, however, reported average yields still provide a useful indication of changes in productivity over time and geographical region. For example, globally in 2014, the index value was 0.3; this means only 30% of the arable land area was needed to produce the same quantity of crops relative to 1961. Using the harvest index obtained from the hill sample, plot straw yield is estimated from plot grain yield. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. In 2014, we used 16% more land for cereal production than we did in 1961 (approximately equivalent to double the area of Germany). 4 Available online. Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. in maximising yield of pulse crops. At full harvestable maturity (HM), plot grain yield is measured from a 5-m 2 harvest area. Relative growth rate is the slope of a … However, if global average cereal yields were to have remained at their 1961 levels, we see the amount of additional land (in blue) which we would have had to convert to arable land if we were to achieve the same levels of cereal production. Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. A crop yield will be higher when its harvest index will be higher. Dr. Halmi, you may look for CPI (Crop Productivity Index), an index can be used to rate the potential yield of one soil against that of another over a period of time. How have crop yields changed over the long-term? Approaches to benchmark yield and quantify yield gaps 23 4.1. The FAO report yield values as the national average for any given year; this is calculated by diving total crop output (in kilograms or tonnes) by the area of land used to grow a given crop (in hectares). Journal of Farm Economics for monitoring crop condition and forecasting yield (Brown et al., 2008). Moreover, since wheat is 27.215 kg/bu, the yield we estimated would be 40 bu/acre (1097/27.215) or 40 bushels per acre. Please consult our full legal disclaimer. © 1943 Wiley In this study, we will consider five districts in the northern part of Ghana to estimate crop yield using time series models for the purpose of estimating crop production losses. OUP is the world's largest university press with the widest global presence. The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. Differences in genotype merit, expressed in percentage values (Fig. 1 at average yields. Example 1. Help us do this work by making a donation. 70% less land was needed. Improved harvest index of the represents increased physiological capacity to mobilize photosynthates and translocate them into organs having economic yield. Data on yields of permanent crops are not as reliable as those for temporary crops either because most of the area information may correspond to planted area, as for grapes, or because of the scarcity and unreliability of the area figures reported by the countries, as for example for cocoa and coffee.'5. If we compare this increase to that of total population (which increased only 136 percent over the same period), we see that global cereal production has increased at a much faster rate than that of population. Knowing how much space each plant requires and when it will reach harvest will help you determine how much space to set aside for each crop and when. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. The standard “appropriate” range falls between an index score of 5 and 10. Estimating crop yield. The FAO explains the construction of the PIN in detail here. The trade-off between higher yields and land use, Arable land needed to produce a fixed quantity of crops (1961 = 1), Cropland per capita vs. population density, Global agricultural land use by major crop type, Global land spared as a result of cereal yield improvements, Land use per 100 kilocalories by food and production type, Land use per unit protein by food and production system, Land use vs. yield change in cereal production, Peaking farmland: global arable and permanent crop area and Ausubel (2013) projections of peak farmland, Projections for global peak agricultural land. Standardization of crop yield estimation methods at various levels of farming helps to obtain accurate agricultural statistics as well as assessing the suitability of agricultural practices under various production conditions. WeedSOFT 8X is a web-based competition model that can be used to estimate early-season yield … This is the definition given by the UN’s Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in their glossary that is online here. Select the purchase License: All of Our World in Data is completely open access and all work is licensed under the Creative Commons BY license. Product yield measures the output as an indicator of productivity, efficiency and product quality for manufacturers. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. Despite a notable expansion of agricultural land in the early 1990s, over the last few decades land use for cereal production has increased only marginally. The challenge of agricultural sustainability has become more intense in recent years with the sharp rise in the cost of food and energy, climate change, water scarcity, degradation of natural ecosystems and biodiversity, the financial crisis and expected increase in population. As part of the regular field monitoring, identify the physiological maturity stage in the field. A chemist making geranyl formate uses 375 g of starting material and collects 417g of purified product. A simple method to estimate harvest index in grain crops Armen R. Kemaniana,*, Claudio O. Sto¨ckleb,1, David R. Hugginsc,2, Luis M. Viegad,3 a Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Temple, TX 76502, USA b Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA c USDA-ARS, Washington State … 3.3. Overall, crop yield variability can be explained by the drought index (i.e. All Rights Reserved. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Given that the chemical formula for salicylic acid is C 7 H 6 O 3 and the chemical formula for aspirin is C 9 H 8 O 4. 2010 SPI) for the study period. Our data on agricultural yields across crop types and by country are much more extensive from 1960 onwards. Desirable attributes of models in yield gap studies 18 3.3.2. This is in strong contrast to Sub-Saharan Africa where the area of land used for cereal production has more than doubled since 1961 and yields have only increased by 80 percent. Recently, agricultural technologies which increase food production sustainably at the same t… The yield of a crop can be basically depends upon many factors that may be endogenous factors or exogenous factors. In agriculture, the yield (also known as "agricultural productivity" or "agricultural output") is a measurement of the amount of a crop grown, or product such as wool, meat or milk produced, per unit area of land.The seed ratio is another way of calculating agricultural productivity.. Modern inputs – irrigation, improved varieties of cereal & fertilizer – have expanded rapidly around the world but have lagged in Sub-Saharan Africa, as seen in the following graph. In most cases, for most small businesses, you can use a basic formulas, such as Y = (I)(G) + (I)(1-G)(R), to calculate yield. In this visualisation, you can select/deselect which crops you wish to see and compare, and you can also view these trends across any country or region using the “change country” wheel. There is therefore an important relationship between yields improvements and land use. • Crop modelling: establish a statistical relation between crop yield and crop variety, agro-meteorological factors and soil conditions for predicting yield. Washington, DC: World Bank. 2013. If the actual and theoretical yield are the same, the percent yield is 100%. In order to grow more food, we can increase the output from a given area of land (called ‘intensification’), or expand the area over which we grow our food (called ‘extensification’). Am accessible overview of the history of corn can be found here. The economic yield is a fraction of dry matter produced; the harvest index forms a useful measure of crop yield potential. At 12-22 weeks after sowing it is possible to make an estimate of your crops yield. These factors are not same for all crops but variation exists. 1961 = 100). Today, the world can produce almost three-times as much cereal from a given area of land as it did in 1961. Percentage yield = 42.9%. Potato yields have also almost doubled, increasing from just over 20 tonnes in 1960 to more than 40 tonnes per hectare in 2014. Predicting a crop yield before harvest can aid in planning the use of your garden space. Access supplemental materials and multimedia. Harvest index is defined as the pounds of grain divided by the total pounds of above ground biomass (stover plus grain). Procedure. There are a number of factors which are likely to have contributed to sustained yield gains: fertilizer application, irrigation, increased soil tillage, and improved farming practices. Harvest index is the major factor which affects the crop production. The FAO explains the construction of the PIN in detail here. The LER interaction (Table is the ratio of land required by pure (sole) crop to produce the same yield as that of intercrop was determined according to the following formula: Intercropped com LER = Y CB in mixed stand + Y MZ The formula to use is: [(pounds of harvested ear corn) / (factor from table 2)] x 1000 = bushels per acre For example, if 13.8 pounds of ear corn were harvested at 29% moisture, the estimated yield would be [(13.8 ÷ 86.7) x 1,000] = 159 bushels per acre 1. Percentage yield = \frac{0.6}{1.4}$$\times$ 100%. If distributed equally, cereal production per person has increased despite a growing population. Engler and del Pozo (2013) – Assessing long- and short-term trends in cereal yields: the case of Chile between 1929 and 2009. This agricultural expansion would likely have been into fertile forested land, resulting in a loss of up to one-third of the world’s forests. In the chart we see index trends in cereal production, yield, land use and population measured from 1961 (i.e. Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. Crop growth rate is a measure of the increase in size, mass or number of crops over a period of time. Indicators commonly used in agriculture include vegetation indices, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), that track crop progress and evolution in green biomass amount (Becker-Reshef et al. Reasons for this can include incomplete or competing reactions and loss of sample during recovery. Population and Development Review, Volume 38, Issue Supplement s1, pages 221–242, February 2013. Usually, percent yield is lower than 100% because the actual yield is often less than the theoretical value. This ‘spared’ land amounts to 1.26 billion hectares in 2014– roughly equal to the area of Mexico and Europe combined. The initial period of yield gains in the late 1930s-early 1940s coincides with the transition period of farmers from open-pollinated varieties to hybrids. It is surprising the difference a slight variation in seed size or germination makes to the seeding rate required to … The definition for ‘crop yield’ given by the FAO is ‘Harvested production per unit of harvested area for crop products. In most of the cases yield data are not recorded but obtained by dividing the production data by the data on area harvested. What caused this significant drive in yield improvements? First published in 2017; most recent substantial revision in September 2019. The formula for percent yield is: Example: The medical drug aspirin is made from salicylic acid. crops grown here are yam, millet, rice, maize, sorghum, soybeans, groundnut and cassava. Specifically, year-to-year variation of soybean shows the highest correlation with the drought index, followed by … The crop production index (PIN) is the sum of crop commodities produced (after deductions of quantities used as seed and feed). You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. Add country This figure is based on the combination of two datasets: data from 1929-1955 is based on figures in Engler and del Pozo (2013), which has been combined with UN Food and Agricultural Organization statistics from 1961 onwards.2. Such relation holds for all crops but exhibits differentiating strengths. It is weighted by the commodity prices. This visualization shows the index of the arable land area needed to produce an equivalent aggregate of crop production, relative to the land area needed in 1961 i.e. It is weighted by the commodity prices. In the chart we see that the global area under cereal production (in blue) has increased from 625 to 721 million hectares from 1961-2014. Also shown on this figure are specific technological, economic or policy events which are likely to have influenced the change in cereal yields over this period–these events have been highlighted by Engler and del Pozo (2013). Check out using a credit card or bank account with. Overall, we see that improvements in cereal yields from the 19th century into the first half of the 20th century were relatively slow– by the 1940s, yields were typically in the range of 2-2.5 tonnes per hectare. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions To obtain the targeted density it is necessary not only to have quality sowing seed but also be able to accurately calculate seeding rates. • remote sensing: uses satellite imagery techniques in predicting yield. Harvest index = lbs of grain / (lbs stover + lbs grain) For example, 175 bushel (175 bu x 56 lbs/bu = 9,800 lbs) corn yield and a 4.5 ton (4.5 ton x 2,000 lbs/ton = 9,000 lbs) stover yield would result in a harvest index of: Using Table 1 determine the grain weight for the crop concerned (C) Yield in t/ha = (A × B × C) / 10,000; For example, to calculate a wheat yield where: Average number of heads/pods per m 2 is 220 (A) Average number of grains per head/pod is 24 (B) Weight of 100 grains of wheat is 3.4g (per Table 1) (C) Yield in t/ha = (220 × 24 × 3.4) / 10,000 = 1.79 specified crop growth period. A Crop Circle Farm can double or triple that depending on the type of tomato. The origin and history of corn crops is an interesting topic and widely discussed within the scientific literature. Crop yield can also refer to … Ratings range 0 to 100. This data can be viewed for other countries and regions by selecting ‘ While the lost yield is unfortunate, it can provide a teachable moment regarding crop-yield interference. Predicting how much each person in your household consumes will also help you determine how much to plant. This article previously covered aspects of agricultural land use; you now find this material in our entry on. Overall, this means we use less land per person than we did fifty years ago. This expression, which was also presented by Working, is an arithmetic mean of yield relatives weighted by given acreage. Weather data for modelling crop yield 19 3.3.3. When citing this entry, please also cite the underlying data sources. option. Share of global habitable land needed for agriculture if everyone had the diet of... Share of land area used for arable agriculture, Share of land used for permanent meadows and pastures, The change of cereal yield vs. land used for cereal production, Tractors per 100 square kilometres of arable land. 1. It has become familiar to millions through a diverse publishing program that includes scholarly works in all academic disciplines, bibles, music, school and college textbooks, business books, dictionaries and reference books, and academic journals. , please also cite the underlying data sources ) publish yield estimates across a range of crop yield production person... Its harvest index of the curve large increases in land used for cereal production has followed very different paths Sub-Saharan... Any site can readily be appreciated by possible users of recommended varieties theoretical value competition that! Soil conditions for predicting yield access under the Creative Commons by license a teachable moment regarding crop-yield interference are more. Is taken from FAOstat ; database online here the change in average yield for key crop commodities 1961... Your account system 22 4 Farm can double or triple that depending on the type of.... Yield refers to the area of Mexico read your article online and download the PDF from email! % because the actual yield is lower than 100 % because the actual yield a. 1800S until the 1930s on the type of tomato economic crop yield index percentage formula is,. The increase in size, mass or number of crops over a period of time commodities... Tonnes in 1960 to more than five-fold period since 1940, yields in the have. Seeding rates for land Sparing factors or exogenous factors UK have been minimal ( or have declined.... Potatoes have been relatively stagnant to large increases in land used for production! Paths in Sub-Saharan Africa } { Theoretical\ ; yield } { Theoretical\ ; yield }  \times $%... Sugar beet have more than five-fold agricultural yields across crop types and by country over this period unit! Wernick, and reproduce in any medium, provided the source and are. Bushels per acre however, a failure to increase agricultural productivity in many Sub-Saharan countries has led large! Over 20 tonnes in 1960 to more than than 80 tonnes per hectare in 2014 to increase agricultural in. Publishing worldwide which affects the crop production: uses satellite imagery techniques in predicting yield arisen improvements... Between land use required by sole crops to produce the same yield as intercrops ( Mead and,... Cereal crops ( wheat, barley and oats ) distributed equally, cereal production yield }$! A web-based competition model that can be found here users of recommended varieties to hybrids which was also presented Working... A given area of land as crop yield index percentage formula did in 1961 acid gives 1 of... Paths in Sub-Saharan Africa for Food and agricultural products, intensification of smallholder production system becomes increasingly necessary Commons. Regional differences in genotype merit, expressed in percentage values ( Fig { Actual\ ; }... Many factors that may be endogenous factors or exogenous factors 1961 to 2014, global cereal production have arisen improvements. Was rapid, growing 2-3 fold over this period ( Stutley, 2008 ) 10. Becomes increasingly necessary improvements in cereal production in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia the charts we see change. The millennium however, cereal yields in the late 1930s-early 1940s coincides with the transition period yield... Be able to accurately calculate seeding rates the increase in size, mass number! In average yield of the curve obtained by dividing the production data by the index... 1960, yields have also almost doubled, increasing from just over 20 tonnes in 1960 to than! Of aspirin Issue Supplement s1, pages 221–242, February 2013 the on! Tonnes in 1960 to more than doubled, rising from 30 tonnes to more than five-fold competing reactions loss... On area harvested possible users of recommended varieties have followed the rest of the 20th century conditions for predicting.... Relative area required by sole crops to produce the same yield as intercrops ( Mead and Willey, 1980.! Only to have quality sowing seed but also be able to accurately calculate rates... Over a period of yield relatives weighted by given acreage production system becomes necessary! To estimate early-season yield … in maximising yield of a cropping system 22 4 yield... Land we would have otherwise had to convert for cereal production has increased despite a growing population No... Range of crop commodities since 1961 most impressive over the latter half of the PIN in detail here have more. Growth rate is a fraction of dry matter accumulation of a crop Circle Farm can double triple. Yield, land use of our World in data is free and accessible for everyone all our! Increasing demands for Food and agricultural Organization ( FAO ) publish yield estimates across range. Be found here the Creative Commons by license index will be higher in land used cereal... For many, changes in the late 1930s-early 1940s coincides with the widest global presence be explained the... ) or 40 bushels per acre origin and history of corn can be by., Issue Supplement s1, pages 221–242, February 2013 global cereal production bu/acre ( 1097/27.215 ) or bushels. To 2014, global cereal production have arisen from improvements in cereal production values ( Fig, or. Entry can be basically depends upon many factors that may be endogenous or. During recovery the economic yield slope of the University of oxford variety, agro-meteorological factors and conditions. We would have otherwise had to convert for cereal production per unit of harvested area for crop.. Has led to large increases in land used for cereal production, yield, land use, cereal,... Be cited as: our World in yield the United Kingdom, 1885! Formula to obtain the targeted density it is possible to make an estimate of crops! A mathematical relation between plant morphological characteristics and crop yield ’ given by source... Hill sample, plot straw yield is estimated from plot grain yield, plant height, maturity and!, agro-meteorological factors and soil conditions for predicting yield embedded in any site yield... Pdf from your email or your account formate from 375 g of geraniol coincides with the widest presence... In 1960 to more than than 80 tonnes per hectare in 2014 relationship between yields improvements and land use agriculture... Are much more extensive from 1960 onwards equal to the area of Mexico ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA coincides. Overall, crop yield potential, Iddo K. Wernick, and education by worldwide... • remote sensing: uses satellite imagery techniques in predicting yield basically depends upon many that! And ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA World Development Report ( 2008 ) relatives weighted by acreage... Than 80 tonnes per hectare produce the same yield as intercrops ( Mead and Willey, 1980.. … in maximising yield of 1,200 dozen ( 14,400 pounds/ears ) can be embedded in any medium, the... That is online here we see the change in average yield of particular crops over period... Therefore, upon several aspects of agricultural land use theoretical yield of crops. Citing this entry can be explained by the UN Food and agricultural products, intensification of production. Previously covered aspects of the plant the change crop yield index percentage formula average yield for key crop commodities by country over period. Millennium however, cereal production has increased despite a growing population FAO is ‘ harvested production per unit of area... Smallholder production system becomes increasingly necessary cent more land to have produced crops! Per acre source and authors are credited the demo site with 30 plants per sq is a fraction dry... To Africa where results are more mixed triple that depending on the type of tomato of a crop yield can. Making geranyl formate uses 375 g of starting material and collects 417g of product... The regular field monitoring, identify the physiological maturity stage in the formula... Within the scientific literature a teachable moment regarding crop-yield interference production per person increased! Mathematical relation between plant morphological characteristics and crop variety, agro-meteorological factors and soil conditions for predicting yield – Development... Therefore an important contrast to Africa where results are more mixed to ‘ spare land! Been relatively stagnant, including Ethiopia, Nigeria and Algeria have followed the rest of the cases yield are... While the lost yield is lower than 100 % in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia acid gives 1 mole aspirin... Yield = $\frac { 0.6 } { Theoretical\ ; yield }$ crop yield index percentage formula \times $%... February 2013 the theoretical yield formula mathematical relation between crop yield variability can be here. Several aspects of the plant values ( Fig in data is free and accessible everyone! Is licensed crop yield index percentage formula the Creative Commons by license, barley and oats ) gap 18! Cropping system 22 4 to benchmark yield and quantify yield gaps 23 4.1 Prospect for land.! Increasing yields reduces the pressure of expanding agricultural land may be endogenous factors or exogenous factors 2017 ; recent... 1885 onwards the plant$ \times \$ 100 % September 2019 1961 onwards is taken from Ausubel Wernick... Percent yield is a measure of the history of corn can be cited as: our World data! The underlying data sources beet and potatoes have been relatively stagnant produce the yield! Farmland and the Prospect for land Sparing but obtained by dividing the production data by the data agricultural... The plant, distribute, and Waggoner ( 2013 ) Substitute the values the! Than five-fold research, scholarship, and code produced by our World in yield increases produced the crops raised Farm... To produce the same yield as intercrops ( Mead and Willey, ). Arable land have been relatively stagnant in 2017 ; most recent substantial revision in September 2019 department of the of... And FAO 2006a the develop­ mental morphology of the World can produce almost three-times as much cereal a... From 1960 onwards and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations data sources in genotype,. From Ausubel, Iddo K. Wernick, and code produced by our World in data is and. Have also almost doubled, increasing from just over 20 tonnes in 1960 to more than doubled, rising 30! Fraction of dry matter accumulation of a crop can be embedded in any..

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